YC Spring 2026 — techstartupslist.com

9 Mothers

AI weapon systems

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

AbInitio Bio

The Intelligence layer for Drug Manufacturing

AI-powered Drug DiscoveryBiotechManufacturing

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Adialante

Cancer screening without barriers

HardwareMedical DevicesHealth & Wellness

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Advanced Metal Research

Machine intelligence for American Welding

HardwareRoboticsManufacturing

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

AgentPhone

Phone Numbers for AI Agents

Artificial IntelligenceDeveloper ToolsAPI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

AICE Power

Submarine drones for defense

HardwareSwarm AIRobotics

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Alchemize

AI-Native Customs Brokerage

LogisticsSupply ChainAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

AL

Alchemy

AI-powered image analysis for life sciences

AI-powered Drug DiscoveryMachine LearningSaaS

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Allowance

Scoped payment credentials for AI agents

FintechGenerative AIPayments

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Amboras

Let AI sell your stuff on autopilot

Generative AIB2BE-commerce

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Andco

End-to-end case workups for personal injury firms.

Artificial IntelligenceLegal

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Andustry

We help manufacturers find suppliers for industrial goods.

MarketplaceSalesManufacturing

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

ANORIA

The first wearable that reads your emotions to enhance your EQ.

Artificial IntelligenceHardwareMental Health Tech

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Apollo Atomics, Inc.

We make the most compact nuclear machines.

Small Modular ReactorsManufacturing

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

AquaShield

AI water leak detection for buildings

Real EstateB2B

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Ara

Voice-first computer use for Mac. Lives in your notch.

Artificial Intelligence

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Archer

Reward. Anything.

Artificial IntelligenceFinanceE-commerce

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Arctic Health

AI-native credentialing and contracting for healthcare

HealthcareHealthcare ITAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Arden

AI agents that automate SOX control testing.

FinanceB2BAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Ardent

Database sandboxes for Agents

Data EngineeringInfrastructureAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Arga Labs

The validation infrastructure for AI agents

Developer ToolsSaaSInfrastructure

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Arlo Industries

Passive aerial sensing mesh to track drones and missiles

Hard TechDronesSecurity

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Armature

Armature helps companies monitor and optimize the agent experience.

Artificial IntelligenceEnterprise Software

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Arzana

AI automation for the manufacturing office

Artificial IntelligenceManufacturingAutomation

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Asendia AI

AI Recruiters for Staffing Agencies and Enterprise

Artificial IntelligenceRecruitingAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Aseon Labs

Robotic pitstops for self-driving cars

Artificial IntelligenceHardwareMachine Learning

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Aster

The First AI-Native AI Research Lab

Artificial IntelligenceAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Astraea

Agents that accelerate clinical trials.

Artificial IntelligenceSaaSHealth Tech

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Auxos

Digital twins for customer research

B2BMarketingMarket Research

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Avea Robotics

Control your robots from anywhere in the world.

Hard TechRoboticsInfrastructure

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

BioStack Platforms

Real world training envs for healthcare AI models

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Callab AI

AI voice agents for legacy telephony systems.

Artificial IntelligenceB2BCall Center

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

CharacterQuilt

AI infrastructure for marketers. Ship campaigns in your tools in an…

Artificial IntelligenceSaaSB2B

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Chert

iMessage infrastructure for trusted communication at scale

Artificial IntelligenceSaaSAPI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Chronicle Labs

Staging Environments for Enterprise AI Agents

AIOpsSaaSAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Cignara

AI agents for sales & customer support at large Fortune 500 companies

AIAI Assistant

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Clara

AI primary care doctor

TelehealthHealthcareTelemedicine

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Clawvisor

The Authorization Layer for AI Agents

Artificial IntelligenceSecurityOpen Source

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Cohesion

Your public equities agentic teammate

FintechSaaSInvesting

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Complir

Vanta for physical products

RetailRegtechConsumer Products

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Datost

AI data analyst in Slack. Democratize data.

B2BAnalyticsAI Assistant

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Dayjob

AI Agents for Industrial Logistics

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Deep Interactions

Collaborative AI app builder for teams

Artificial IntelligenceDeveloper ToolsGenerative AI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Dispatch

Satellites for manufacturing in space

ManufacturingAerospaceAdvanced Materials

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Drip

The operating system for enterprise deal execution

B2BSales EnablementBilling

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Eden Robotics

Autonomous services for humanity.

Robotic Process AutomationRoboticsAutomation

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Elyra

AI Reservation System for Restaurants

Artificial IntelligenceSaaSRestaurant Tech

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Expanse

Unlock wasted GPU capacity.

AIOpsDeveloper ToolsEnterprise Software

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

FinalDose

Programmable DNA drug destroying all cancers, unlocking 80% of targets

Artificial IntelligenceGene TherapyTherapeutics

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

flowscope

AI-native consulting to map and automate business processes

Artificial IntelligenceB2BEnterprise Software

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Foaster

The AI-native consulting firm for AI transformation.

B2BEnterprise SoftwareAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Foresight

On-demand consumer insights

Artificial IntelligenceConsumerMarket Research

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Framewise Health

AI-native patient engagement

SaaSHealth TechB2B

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Fuchsia

Hardware compliance done on your timeline

HardwareRoboticsCompliance

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

General Aviation

Fix ATC by connecting aircraft to the internet

Hard TechSatellitesTransportation

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

General Instinct

Deploy AI into any edge device, fully offline, maximum performance.

Artificial IntelligenceRoboticsDrones

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Gigacatalyst

Customize your software to every user with AI

SaaSEnterpriseNo-code

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Gojiberry AI

GTM Brain for small sales teams

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

GovGuard

AI Infrastructure for Government Agencies

GovTech

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Gravy

AI Agent for your personal finances.

Artificial IntelligenceFintechConsumer

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Hedge

AI-Native specialty insurance company

Artificial IntelligenceFintechB2B

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Hessian

We forward deploy with AI agents to automate business operations

Developer ToolsMachine LearningWorkflow Automation

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

HEVN, inc

The automated USD account for global internet companies

AIOpsFinanceNeobank

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Hexa

The OS for Manufacturers and Distributors

B2BWorkflow AutomationSupply Chain

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

HeyClicky

An AI buddy that lives on your Mac.

Education

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Hub.xyz

The API for real-world training data.

Artificial IntelligenceRoboticsData Labeling

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Humwork

Connect AI agents to human experts in 30 seconds

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Huscarl

Actuarial intelligence for corporate risk managers

Generative AIInsuranceCustomization

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Hyper

The Self-Driving Company Brain

Artificial IntelligenceProductivityTeam Collaboration

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Imperfect

AI coach for athletes with real lives and epic goals

Digital HealthHealth & WellnessAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Incandor

Behavioral intelligence infrastructure for anti-fraud

SecurityAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Indexable

sandbox infrastructure for AI agents

Artificial Intelligence

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

InLoop Robotics

Staff your warehouse with robotic employees today

Hard TechRoboticsLogistics

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

InsForge

The agent-native cloud infrastructure platform

Developer ToolsOpen SourceInfrastructure

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

InstaAgent

Scale marketing campaigns across hundreds of personas

Generative AIB2BSocial Media

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Intelligence Factory

Human Intelligence for Robots

RoboticsAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Interfaze

AI model built for deterministic developer tasks

Deep LearningDeveloper ToolsGenerative AI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Inth

Privacy compliance, enforced in code

Developer ToolsComplianceOpen Source

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

jo

A new personal AI that actually knows you.

Artificial IntelligenceConsumerAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Juno

AI Health Assistant for Chronic Illness

Health TechHealth & WellnessConsumer Products

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

KE

KELAI

Intelligence platform for systematic market insights

Generative AISwarm AI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Keyframe Labs

Turn agents into lifelike video calls. $0.06 a minute.

B2BVideoAPI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Kimpton AI

AI for portfolio managers

FintechInvestingAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Kinect

Storefronts that sell to humans and AI agents

B2BE-commerceConversational AI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Kinro

AI sales agents for insurance. Sell everywhere your buyers are.

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Klaimee

Liability insurance for AI Agents. You deploy agents, we cover you.

Artificial IntelligenceFintechCompliance

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Klarify

AI Agent for Therapists

Artificial IntelligenceMental Health TechSaaS

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Korso

The Intelligence Layer for Manufacturing.

Artificial IntelligenceSaaSManufacturing

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

KugelAudio

Kugel is an on-prem enterprise TTS supporting 25+ languages

Generative AIAPIConversational AI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Kuli

AI coworker for marketing teams

Artificial IntelligenceSaaSB2B

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Lab0

Automated forward-deployed engineers (AI FDEs)

SaaSB2BEnterprise

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Lamina Labs

Visual infrastructure for EdTech AI applications

EducationVideoEdtech

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Lattice Health

The operating system for clinical AI in imaging

HealthcareHealthcare IT

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Light Anchor

AI-run consumer brands

Artificial IntelligenceE-commerce

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Lightsprint

Collaborative product development platform

Developer ToolsGenerative AIB2B

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Limrun

Extend your cloud agent with XCode, Android and more

Artificial IntelligenceB2BEnterprise Software

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Lumius

Fast, smart, accessible 3D ultrasound for everyone

Hard TechMedical DevicesDigital Health

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Madrone

Maximizing compute via hyper-efficient cooling

HardwareClimateAdvanced Materials

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Manicule

AI Native Developer Relations

Artificial IntelligenceDeveloper ToolsB2B

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Maquoketa Research

Intelligent one-way attack drones

Artificial IntelligenceHardwareDrones

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

matforge

AI scientists to discover semiconductor materials

Artificial IntelligenceAdvanced MaterialsSemiconductors

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Memoir

AI-Native Marketing for Developer Tools

Developer ToolsAnalyticsMarketing

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Memory Store

Shared context for all of your team's agents.

Generative AISaaSB2B

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Minicor

Managed, self healing desktop automation at scale

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Mochatrade

US stock perps for global traders

FintechCrypto / Web3Consumer Finance

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Modern

The AI-native OS for IT

AIOpsSaaSB2B

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Mount

The AI-Agent Insurance Carrier

Artificial IntelligenceSecurityInsurance

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

$Napkin Math$

Napkin Math

Building Napkin Math, hyper-personalized AI food journal

Artificial IntelligenceConsumerFitness

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Netter

Data Science Autopilot for the real economy.

Workflow AutomationBig DataAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Nine Fives

Simple, Networked, Driverless, RF Test Equipment

RadarTelecommunicationsElectronics

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Oddpool

Institutional data layer for prediction markets

FintechFinanceAnalytics

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Ontora

AI agents that interview every employee to map how work gets done.

Artificial IntelligenceB2BAnalytics

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

OpenProse

A natural language agent framework: write the future into existence.

AIOpsArtificial IntelligenceDeveloper Tools

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

OpenWork

The open source alternative to Claude Cowork

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Ornadyne

We're building robot birds for surveillance.

Hard TechRoboticsDrones

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Pairio

AI-native industrial maintenance software

SaaSB2BManufacturing

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Panacea

AI-Native FDA Regulatory Services

B2BMedical DevicesBiotech

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Pavoot

AI that turns events into pipeline

Artificial IntelligenceB2BSales

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Pentagon

Your AI agents, working as a team.

B2BEnterprise SoftwareAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

PerfectBit

Training data for frontier AI labs

InfrastructureAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

PLAN0 AI

AI powered construction cost estimation & analytics.

Computer VisionReal EstateConstruction

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Playabl.ai

Prompt-to-play AI game builder for everyone

ConsumerGamingAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Pops

Create & play AI games with friends

Artificial IntelligenceConsumerGaming

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

primitive

Communication for agents

Artificial IntelligenceDeveloper ToolsAutomation

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

ProjectX

Infinity: the first OS where humans and agents work with no limits.

MarketplaceDevOpsCloud Computing

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Prototyping.io

Autonomous manufacturing for mechanical parts

HardwareManufacturingAutomation

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

qomplement

AI agents that process invoices, purchase orders, and reconcile AP

B2BEnterpriseAutomation

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

ReasonBlocks

Infra layer for smarter and cheaper AI agents

Artificial IntelligenceSaaSB2B

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Refortifai

AI Agents for Analog Circuit Design

Artificial IntelligenceGenerative AIReinforcement Learning

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Regbase

Tracking global laws, grants and consultations

LegalSales EnablementLegalTech

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

RentAHuman

Marketplace for AI agents to hire humans.

Artificial IntelligenceMarketplace

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Replicas

Background coding agents for engineering teams

Artificial IntelligenceDeveloper ToolsAPI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Result

Where new internet entrepreneurs build and run their companies

Consumer

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Revnu

Everything but the app itself

Developer ToolsMarketing

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

River Markets

Prime brokerage for prediction markets

Trading

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Rudus

AI Takeoffs Built for Concrete

Artificial IntelligenceSaaSConstruction

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Harbor

AI system-of-record for clinical trial data

SaaSHealth TechB2B

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Runtime

Sandboxed coding agents for everyone on your team.

Artificial IntelligenceDeveloper Tools

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Saffron

Helping your company find 10x engineers.

SaaSHuman ResourcesHR Tech

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Salesgraph

the context layer for fast moving sales teams

SaaSB2BSales

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Saudara AI

AI sourcing broker linking brands to top global factories.

B2BLogisticsManufacturing

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Sazabi

The AI-native observability platform for fast-moving engineering teams

Developer Tools

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Scope

We make your product discoverable and usable by any AI agent

Generative AIB2BAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Sherpa

Turn more website visitors into customers

Artificial IntelligenceSaaSB2B

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Silmaril

Prompt injection defense that is self-healing

Security

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Smartbase

Automated order entry for manufacturers

SaaSB2BWorkflow Automation

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

smol machines

Ship software faster with portable, self contained virtual machines.

Cloud ComputingInfrastructure

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Soria

AI Bloomberg Terminal built for Healthcare (and beyond)

FintechAIStocks

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

StableBrowse

Browser for AI agents

APIAutomationWeb Development

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Stage

Code review platform for AI generated code

Developer ToolsSaaS

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Standard Signal

Hedge fund where AI researches and executes every trade

FinanceAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Standout

Agentic hiring marketplace

MarketplaceAICareers

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Superlog

Observability that installs itself and fixes the bugs it finds.

Artificial IntelligenceDeveloper ToolsOpen Source

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Superset

The IDE for the AI Agents Era

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Surtr Defense Systems

The open operating system for counter-UAS

Computer Vision

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Synphony

robots & software for farms

Food Service Robots & MachinesSaaSRobotics

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Taiga

Full-stack Medical Billing Services

Artificial Intelligence

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

TakeCareOS

Building infrastructure for AI-native care providers

SaaSHealth TechB2B

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Tasklet

The cloud agent operating system for knowledge work

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Tenet Industries

Low-cost, mass-produced strike drones

HardwareManufacturing

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

TesterArmy

Test your app with AI, catch bugs before users do

Artificial IntelligenceDeveloper ToolsB2B

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Sidekick

AI-powered SMS assistant for deskless workers.

SaaSB2BAI Assistant

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

The Company Company

The last agent your company will ever need.

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Totalis

derivative layer for prediction markets

DeFiAPIs

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

transload

Measure freight items with security cameras

Computer VisionLogisticsSupply Chain

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Trellis

Autonomous Agents for Short Term Rentals

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Bloom

The brand layer for agents

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Prism

AI-native recruiting agency

RecruitingHR TechTalent Acquisition

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Twolabs

Humanoid robots for caregiving.

RoboticsAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Uno Wallet

The AI wallet that picks the best card at checkout.

Artificial IntelligencePaymentsConsumer Finance

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Parrot

AI-native operating system for auto shops

SaaSWorkflow AutomationAutomation

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Userlens

AI agents that predicts churn months before it happens.

SaaSCustomer SuccessEnterprise Software

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Voquill

The AI coworker that helps pathologists work cases faster

Artificial IntelligenceSaaSHealth Tech

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Wato

Shared memory, tools, and workflows for agents across teams

Enterprise SoftwareAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

WithAI

Custom command centers for hedge funds

Artificial IntelligenceTeam CollaborationInvesting

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

YouArt

Patreon for AI originals

Generative AIVideoCreator Economy

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Zibra Labs

HPC for Quant Trading Firms running backtesting at scale.

Artificial IntelligenceFintechCloud Computing

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —

Zolvo

AI that automates servicing for commercial lenders

B2BLendingAI

Funding —

Stage —

Growth —

Jobs —